The process of requesting and obtaining spectrum for a 5G network can vary depending on the nation or region where the spectrum will be used. An overview of different spectrum availability options is provided in the topic “Spectrum Availability”. {link to spectrum availability topic here} Examples of spectrum allocation can also be found in the topic “National and Regional Regulations”. {link to topic national and regional regulations here} This subtopic uses Germany, Brazil, and Japan as examples to illustrate how to request and obtain spectrum for a non-public 5G network operated independently. Other countries follow similar procedures, which generally include:
- Determining which spectrum is available,
- Submitting forms to the regulator for the desired spectrum, including necessary information (online or by mail), such as:
- Application details,
- Technical information: maximum transmission power, antenna radiation power, planned coverage area, etc.
- Receiving the cost of the license for the spectrum,
- Considering the impact of interference from and to neighboring 5G networks.
Another key consideration is to ensure that the equipment is compatible with the desired regional spectrum, as some user or network equipment may not support specific spectrums.
Germany
In Germany, obtaining a license to operate a non-public 5G network in the 3.7–3.8 GHz or 26 GHz bands starts with completing specific forms provided by the regulator, the Bundesnetzagentur (BNetzA). These forms, submitted by post, require applicant information (such as address and contact details) and technical details about the network, including maximum transmission power, antenna radiation pattern, and planned coverage area. A coverage analysis is also required to ensure the signal does not cross property boundaries; if this occurs, the applicant must negotiate permits with neighbors. After submission, the regulator conducts a technical analysis and charges a licensing fee. Once approved, the license is valid for several years, allowing the network to be installed and operated under current regulatory standards. This process is not automated. Documentation for Germany can be downloaded here: Bundesnetzagentur – Regionale Netze.
In other European countries, spectrum allocation varies. For example, in the United Kingdom, private 5G networks commonly operate in the 3.8–4.2 GHz bands, while in France, the 2.6 GHz and 26 GHz bands are available for 5G networks. These differences offer companies options tailored to their local regulations and needs.
Brazil
In Brazil, the regulatory process is managed locally, with applicants able to submit requests entirely online. The spectrum allocated for non-public (private) 5G networks includes the 3.7 GHz and 27.5 GHz bands, suitable for industrial automation and corporate communications. All required documents and technical details, such as equipment configurations and network diagrams, can be submitted through an online system, which also allows real-time status tracking and digital communication, streamlining the process without the need for in-person visits.
Japan
In Japan, while the process is available digitally, it remains quite bureaucratic. Applicants must submit a detailed project online or in person. The process includes key steps such as consultations at regional offices for guidance. Available frequency ranges for local 5G networks include 28.2–28.3 GHz, 4.6–4.9 GHz, and 28.3–29.1 GHz. Due to additional in-person requirements and the need to ensure detailed compliance with interference prevention standards, the procedure is more complex and time-consuming compared to Brazil and Germany.
